Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is a severe and disabling form of premenstrual syndrome that affects 3-8% of women of reproductive age. Its symptoms can be physical, emotional, and behavioural and interfere with the person’s daily life. The most significant causes are hormonal changes during the menstrual cycle, but genetics and environmental factors also play a role.
While there is no cure for PMDD, treatments like medications, and supplements can help reduce the symptoms. This article will explore the symptoms and causes of PMDD and potential treatment options.
Overview
PMDD is a debilitating condition that affects 3-8% of women of reproductive age. It is characterised by physical, emotional, and behavioural symptoms that usually occur one to two weeks before menstruation begins and can last until the end of the cycle. PMDD can interfere with daily life and relationships due to its intensity.
Common symptoms of PMDD
Common symptoms of PMDD include:
- Mood swings and irritability
- Anxiety and depression
- Panic attacks
- Low self-esteem
- Trouble concentrating or focusing
- Tiredness, exhaustion, or insomnia
- Craving for certain foods during the premenstrual period
- Headaches
What causes PMDD?
PMDD during a period can be caused by changes in hormone levels, particularly of oestrogen and progesterone. Other potential causes include genetic predisposition or environmental influences such as stress, poor diet, lack of exercise, smoking, or drinking alcohol. Premenstrual depression is thought to be caused by the body’s sensitivity to the changing hormones in its environment.
How is PMDD treated?
There are several treatments available for PMDD. The most commonly used are medications, such as antidepressants and birth control pills, supplements like vitamins, and lifestyle changes.
- Hormone therapy
Hormone therapy, usually with oral contraceptives or other hormone-based drugs, can help reduce the severity of PMDD symptoms. These drugs work by controlling the hormones that cause PMDD symptoms to occur. Birth control is known to be effective in reducing the intensity of premenstrual emotional symptoms.
- Vitamins
Vitamins and supplements have also been found to be beneficial in treating PMDD. B6 is an essential vitamin for the body’s healthy nervous system functioning and can help reduce premenstrual symptoms. Calcium and magnesium supplements are also effective in reducing PMDD’s severity.
- Birth control for PMDD
Birth control pills are also used in treating PMDD. These contain a combination of hormones – oestrogen and progestin – which can help reduce symptoms related to the menstrual cycle. Birth control pills are usually taken for three months and stopped for one week before the menstrual cycle begins.
- PMDD supplements
PMDD supplements are available over-the-counter and can help reduce the intensity of symptoms. These supplements usually contain herbs, vitamins, minerals, or other natural ingredients that work to balance hormones in the body. They may also include omega-3 fatty acids, which are beneficial for mood regulation.
- Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)
For more severe forms of PMDD, antidepressant medication like (SSRIs), and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors may be prescribed. These drugs balance the serotonin in the brain, which has been linked to depression and various other mood disorders. SSRIs can help reduce premenstrual symptoms such as irritability, fatigue, and depressed mood.
Conclusion
PMDD is a debilitating condition that affects 3-8% of women of reproductive age. It is characterised by physical, emotional, and behavioural symptoms that usually occur one to two weeks before menstruation begins and can last until the end of the cycle. Treatments such as medications, supplements, birth control for PMDD, and hormone therapy can help reduce the severity of PMDD symptoms. It is key to consult your healthcare provider about available treatment options for PMDD to determine which one will be suited for you best.
FAQs related to PMDD
How common is PMDD?
PMDD is known to affect 3-8% of women in their reproductive age. It is a debilitating condition and can significantly negatively impact the quality of life.
At what age does PMDD start?
PMDD usually occurs in women of reproductive age, typically between 25 and 45. However, younger women may also experience PMDD symptoms.
How long does PMDD usually last?
PMDD symptoms usually begin one to two weeks before the menstrual cycle begins and can last until the end of the cycle.
This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. The information contained herein is not a substitute for and should never be relied upon for professional medical advice. Book a consultation with Ova Singapore’s medical team to learn more about reproductive healthcare treatments here.